dos. Materials and methods
Data were collected using the WBQ tool from in the area of Athens, Greece from 473 individuals aged 16–86 (42 ± 18 years) (221 males) in summer and from 511 individuals aged 16–86 (38 ± 20 years) (245 males) in winter, stratified by age and sex according to the Hellenic Statistical Authority . All volunteers were informed on the objectives of the study and the procedures involved and signed an informed consent. The retrieved data were confidential, and the study followed the ethical considerations provided by The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki). The WBQ incorporates a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire validated to record energy intake against three-day diaries (p
Specifically, the new WBQ provides: (A) data for the character of new member; (B) recording out of application towards period of the earlier in the day week out-of solid and you will liquid restaurants, liquids or drinks from a partial-decimal dining volume survey (FFQ) away from 58 products confirmed to own quoting time consumption together with extra glucose and you will honey which is added to beverages; and you may (C) quote from physical activity making use of their brand new Global Exercise Questionnaire (IPAQ) , and that ideas time of physical activity on around three pastime accounts (intense, moderate, lighter take action) or inactive conditions. The newest IPAQ has been confirmed in earlier times as a combination-national tool to own recording physical activity [20,21,22] also to estimate time expenses.
The energy and you will water content away from filed dinners and you may products is actually examined with the Eating plan Studies And additionally (Wadsworth Publishing Co Inc., Belmont, Ca, USA), and this spends constitution study regarding USDA Federal Nutrient Databases and you can selected Greek meals (we.elizabeth., mousakas, pastitsio, Greek yogurt, lentiles kidney beans soup, numerous Greek pies, souvlaki, overflowing tomatoes) . Predicated on overall energy consumption and energy costs, opportunity balance are examined also.
Contained in this study, “drinks” relates to fruits juices otherwise packaged juices 100% instead sugar articles, sugar-sweet tasting drinks (SSDs) (fruits nectar that have glucose, sodas with sugar and effort/isotonic beverages), low-calorie soft drinks, teas and natural infusions, milk products (a myriad of dairy, delicious chocolate milk and cocoa drink), milkshake and you will sherbets, coffee and java drinks, and you will alcohol (beer, wine and all of variety of alcoholic beverages). “Take in energy consumption (DEI)” refers to energy intake from products “overall energy consumption (TEI)” in order to energy consumption regarding all the supply and you will “energy intake from ingredients” in order to time consumption regarding good and fluid products (age.grams., soups). The fresh new share out of drinks teams so you’re able to complete time intake (study away from Malisova ainsi que al. 2013), demonstrated since full intake of water (TWI), we.e., drinking water out-of drinks, h2o, solid and water products so when take in drinking habits (DWI), i.elizabeth., drinking water regarding products and you can liquid.
step three. Mathematical Study
postimyynti morsiamet varhainen amerikkalainen historia
Results are exhibited because imply ± sd on usually delivered variables and median (P25–P75) on skewed of these. Normality is examined utilising the likelihood–chances area (P–P patch) and you will histograms. Differences when considering men and women concerning your total time intake, times out of products, opportunity out-of items, times expenses, opportunity equilibrium, drinking habits, liquid from liquid and drinks, drinking water regarding drinks, liquids from water, liquids out-of items, liquids losings and you will drinking water balance have been analyzed into the separate test t-take to toward typically distributed details and Mann-Whittney U-try towards skewed of them. Also, differences when considering the latest five quartiles of time regarding drinks had been examined on that-way ANOVA F-take to towards generally speaking marketed variables as well as the Kruskal-Wallis H Shot towards the skewed ones. Value peak is set during the 5%. Correlations between the sum out of beverages so you’re able to drinking habits inside the family relations to help you opportunity from inside the cold temperatures and you can summer was checked out by the Pearson’s otherwise Spearman’s relationship coefficients having generally speaking distributed or skewed variables. Most of the statistical analyses did having fun with PASW Statistics 18 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA).